Antibody‐Conjugated Magnetic Nanoparticle Therapy for Inhibiting T‐Cell Mediated Inflammation

Abstract

Tolerance induction is critical for mitigating T cell‐mediated inflammation. Treatments based on anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) play a pivotal role in inducing such tolerance. Anti‐CD3 mAb conjugated with dextran‐coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) may induce inflammatory tolerance is posited. MNPs conjugated with anti‐CD3 mAb (Ab‐MNPs) are characterized using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and their distribution is assessed using a nanoparticle tracking analyzer. Compared to MNPs, 90% of Ab‐MNPs increased in size from 54.7 ± 0.5 to 71.7 ± 2.7 nm. The in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed the therapeutic material as nontoxic and biocompatible. Mice are administered various dosages of Ab‐MNPs before receiving concanavalin‐A (ConA), an inflammation inducer. Preadministration of Ab‐MNPs, as opposed to MNPs or anti‐CD3 mAb alone, significantly reduced the serum levels of interferon‐γ and interleukin‐6 in ConA‐treated mice. Additionally, the transdermal stamp patch as an effective delivery system for Ab‐MNPs is validated. This study demonstrates the utility of the Ab‐MNP complex in pathologies associated with T cell‐mediated hyperinflammation, such as organ transplantation and COVID‐19.