An Integrated Approach to Pb Bioremediation: Role of Bacteria in Enhancing Phytoremediation

Lead (Pb) contamination poses significant ecological and health risks due to its persistence and toxicity. Bacterial-assisted phytoremediation has emerged as a promising, eco-friendly strategy for Pb removal. This review focuses on the integration of bacteria in phytoremediation, exploring the mechanisms and factors that influence the effectiveness of this process. Case studies demonstrate that bacterial inoculation can increase Pb accumulation in plant tissues, enhance biomass growth, and reduce Pb contamination. Finally, challenges related to field applications, microorganism tolerance, and environmental variability are discussed. This review provides valuable insights into improving phytoremediation efficiency, thus contributing to the remediation of Pb-contaminated environments.